<?php

/**
 * Exifer 1.7
 * Extracts EXIF information from digital photos.
 * 
 * Originally created by:
 * Copyright © 2005 Jake Olefsky
 * http:// www.offsky.com/software/exif/index.php
 * jake@olefsky.com
 * 
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 * 
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY;
 * without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 * See the GNU General Public License for more details. http:// www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
 * 
 * SUMMARY:
 * This script will correctly parse all of the EXIF data included in images taken
 * with digital cameras.  It will read the IDF0, IDF1, SubIDF and InteroperabilityIFD
 * fields as well as parsing some of the MakerNote fields that vary depending on
 * camera make and model.  This script parses more tags than the internal PHP exif
 * implementation and it will correctly identify and decode what all the values mean.
 * This version will correctly parse the MakerNote field for Nikon, Olympus, and Canon
 * digital cameras.  Others will follow.
 * 
 * TESTED WITH:
 * - Nikon CoolPix 700
 * - Nikon CoolPix E3200
 * - Nikon CoolPix 4500
 * - Nikon CoolPix 950
 * - Nikon Coolpix 5700
 * - Canon PowerShot S200
 * - Canon PowerShot S110
 * - Olympus C2040Z
 * - Olympus C960
 * - Olumpus E-300
 * - Olympus E-410
 * - Olympus E-500
 * - Olympus E-510
 * - Olympus E-3
 * - Canon Ixus
 * - Canon EOS 300D
 * - Canon Digital Rebel
 * - Canon EOS 10D
 * - Canon PowerShot G2
 * - FujiFilm DX 10
 * - FujiFilm MX-1200
 * - FujiFilm FinePix2400
 * - FujiFilm FinePix2600
 * - FujiFilm FinePix S602
 * - FujiFilm FinePix40i
 * - Sony D700
 * - Sony Cybershot
 * - Kodak DC210
 * - Kodak DC240
 * - Kodak DC4800
 * - Kodak DX3215
 * - Ricoh RDC-5300
 * - Sanyo VPC-G250
 * - Sanyo VPC-SX550
 * - Epson 3100z
 * 
 * VERSION HISTORY:
 * 
 * 1.0    September 23, 2002
 * - First Public Release
 * 
 * 1.1    January 25, 2003
 * 
 * - Gracefully handled the error case where you pass an empty string to this library
 * - Fixed an inconsistency in the Olympus Camera parsing module
 * - Added support for parsing the MakerNote of Canon images.
 * - Modified how the imagefile is opened so it works for windows machines.
 * - Correctly parses the FocalPlaneResolutionUnit and PhotometricInterpretation fields
 * - Negative rational numbers are properly displayed
 * - Strange old cameras that use Motorola endineness are now properly supported
 * - Tested with several more cameras
 * 
 * Potential Problem: Negative Shorts and Negative Longs may not be correctly displayed, but I
 * have not yet found an example of negative shorts or longs being used.
 * 
 * 1.2    March 30, 2003
 * 
 * - Fixed an error that was displayed if you edited your image with WinXP's image viewer
 * - Fixed a bug that caused some images saved from 3rd party software to not parse correctly
 * - Changed the ExposureTime tag to display in fractional seconds rather than decimal
 * - Updated the ShutterSpeedValue tag to have the units of 'sec'
 * - Added support for parsing the MakeNote of FujiFilm images
 * - Added support for parsing the MakeNote of Sanyo images
 * - Fixed a bug with parsing some Olympus MakerNote tags
 * - Tested with several more cameras
 * 
 * 1.3    June 15, 2003
 * 
 * - Fixed Canon MakerNote support for some models
 *   (Canon has very difficult and inconsistent MakerNote syntax)
 * - Negative signed shorts and negative signed longs are properly displayed
 * - Several more tags are defined
 * - More information in my comments about what each tag is
 * - Parses and Displays GPS information if available
 * - Tested with several more cameras
 * 
 * 1.4    September 14, 2003
 * 
 * - This software is now licensed under the GNU General Public License
 * - Exposure time is now correctly displayed when the numerator is 10
 * - Fixed the calculation and display of ShutterSpeedValue, ApertureValue and MaxApertureValue
 * - Fixed a bug with the GPS code
 * - Tested with several more cameras
 * 
 * 	1.5    February 18, 2005
 * 
 * - It now gracefully deals with a passed in file that cannot be found.
 * - Fixed a GPS bug for the parsing of Altitude and other signed rational numbers
 * - Defined more values for Canon cameras.
 * - Added 'bulb' detection for ShutterSpeed
 * -  Made script loading a little faster and less memory intensive.
 * - Bug fixes
 * - Better error reporting
 * - Graceful failure for files with corrupt exif info.
 * - QuickTime (including iPhoto) messes up the Makernote tag for certain photos (no workaround yet)
 * - Now reads exif information when the jpeg markers are out of order
 * - Gives raw data output for IPTC, COM and APP2 fields which are sometimes set by other applications
 * - Improvements to Nikon Makernote parsing
 * 
 * 1.6    March 25th, 2007 [Zenphoto]
 * 
 * - Adopted into the Zenphoto gallery project, at http://www.zenphoto.org
 * - Fixed a bug where strings had trailing null bytes.
 * - Formatted selected strings better.
 * - Added calculation of 35mm-equivalent focal length when possible.
 * - Cleaned up code for readability and efficiency.
 * 
 * 1.7    April 11th, 2008 [Zenphoto]
 * 
 * - Fixed bug with newer Olympus cameras where number of fields was miscalculated leading to bad performance.
 * - More logical fraction calculation for shutter speed.
 * 
 * 2009: For all further changes, see the Zenphoto change logs.
 * 
 */

/**
 * Converts from Intel to Motorola endien.  Just reverses the bytes (assumes hex is passed in)
 * 
 * @staticvar array $cache
 * @param type $intel
 * @return array
 */
function intel2Moto($intel) {
	static $cache = array();
	if (isset($cache[$intel])) {
		return $cache[$intel];
	}

	$cache[$intel] = '';
	$len = strlen($intel);
	if ($len > 1000) { // an unreasonable length, override it.
		$len = 1000;
	}
	for ($i = 0; $i <= $len; $i += 2) {
		$cache[$intel] .= substr($intel, $len - $i, 2);
	}
	return $cache[$intel];
}

/**
 * Looks up the name of the tag
 * 
 * @param string $tag
 * @return string
 */
function lookup_tag($tag) {
	switch ($tag) {
		// used by IFD0 'Camera Tags'
		case '000b': $tag = 'ACDComment';
			break;				// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '00fe': $tag = 'ImageType';
			break;				// integer -2147483648 to 2147483647
		case '0106': $tag = 'PhotometricInterpret';
			break;	 // ?? Please send sample image with this tag
		case '010e': $tag = 'ImageDescription';
			break;		 // text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '010f': $tag = 'Make';
			break;					 // text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '0110': $tag = 'Model';
			break;					// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '0112': $tag = 'Orientation';
			break;			 // integer values 1-9
		case '0115': $tag = 'SamplePerPixel';
			break;			// integer 0-65535
		case '011a': $tag = 'xResolution';
			break;			 // positive rational number
		case '011b': $tag = 'yResolution';
			break;			 // positive rational number
		case '011c': $tag = 'PlanarConfig';
			break;			 // integer values 1-2
		case '0128': $tag = 'ResolutionUnit';
			break;			// integer values 1-3
		case '0131': $tag = 'Software';
			break;				 // text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '0132': $tag = 'DateTime';
			break;				 // YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS
		case '013b': $tag = 'Artist';
			break;					// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '013c': $tag = 'HostComputer';
			break;			 // text string
		case '013e': $tag = 'WhitePoint';
			break;				// two positive rational numbers
		case '013f': $tag = 'PrimaryChromaticities';
			break;	// six positive rational numbers
		case '0211': $tag = 'YCbCrCoefficients';
			break;		// three positive rational numbers
		case '0213': $tag = 'YCbCrPositioning';
			break;		 // integer values 1-2
		case '0214': $tag = 'ReferenceBlackWhite';
			break;	 // six positive rational numbers
		case '8298': $tag = 'Copyright';
			break;				// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '8649': $tag = 'PhotoshopSettings';
			break;		// ??
		case '8769': $tag = 'ExifOffset';
			break;				// positive integer
		case '8825': $tag = 'GPSInfoOffset';
			break;
		case '9286': $tag = 'UserCommentOld';
			break;			// ??
		// used by Exif SubIFD 'Image Tags'
		case '829a': $tag = 'ExposureTime';
			break;			 // seconds or fraction of seconds 1/x
		case '829d': $tag = 'FNumber';
			break;				 // positive rational number
		case '8822': $tag = 'ExposureProgram';
			break;		 // integer value 1-9
		case '8824': $tag = 'SpectralSensitivity';
			break;	 // ??
		case '8827': $tag = 'ISOSpeedRatings';
			break;		 // integer 0-65535
		case '8830': $tag = 'SensitivityType';
			break;		 // integer 0-7
		case '8832': $tag = 'RecommendedExposureIndex';
			break; // ???
		case '9000': $tag = 'ExifVersion';
			break;			 // ??
		case '9003': $tag = 'DateTimeOriginal';
			break;		 // YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS
		case '9004': $tag = 'DateTimeDigitized';
			break;		// YYYY:MM:DD HH:MM:SS
		case '9101': $tag = 'ComponentsConfiguration';
			break; // ??
		case '9102': $tag = 'CompressedBitsPerPixel';
			break;	// positive rational number
		case '9201': $tag = 'ShutterSpeedValue';
			break;		// seconds or fraction of seconds 1/x
		case '9202': $tag = 'ApertureValue';
			break;			// positive rational number
		case '9203': $tag = 'BrightnessValue';
			break;		 // positive rational number
		case '9204': $tag = 'ExposureBiasValue';
			break;		// positive rational number (EV)
		case '9205': $tag = 'MaxApertureValue';
			break;		 // positive rational number
		case '9206': $tag = 'SubjectDistance';
			break;		 // positive rational number (meters)
		case '9207': $tag = 'MeteringMode';
			break;			 // integer 1-6 and 255
		case '9208': $tag = 'LightSource';
			break;			 // integer 1-255
		case '9209': $tag = 'Flash';
			break;					// integer 1-255
		case '920a': $tag = 'FocalLength';
			break;			 // positive rational number (mm)
		case '9213': $tag = 'ImageHistory';
			break;			 // text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '927c': $tag = 'MakerNote';
			break;				// a bunch of data
		case '9286': $tag = 'UserComment';
			break;			 // text string
		case '9290': $tag = 'SubsecTime';
			break;				// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '9291': $tag = 'SubsecTimeOriginal';
			break;		// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '9292': $tag = 'SubsecTimeDigitized';
			break;	 // text string up to 999 bytes long
		case 'a000': $tag = 'FlashPixVersion';
			break;		 // ??
		case 'a001': $tag = 'ColorSpace';
			break;				// values 1 or 65535
		case 'a002': $tag = 'ExifImageWidth';
			break;			// ingeter 1-65535
		case 'a003': $tag = 'ExifImageHeight';
			break;		 // ingeter 1-65535
		case 'a004': $tag = 'RelatedSoundFile';
			break;		 // text string 12 bytes long
		case 'a005': $tag = 'ExifInteroperabilityOffset';
			break;	// positive integer
		case 'a20c': $tag = 'SpacialFreqResponse';
			break;	 // ??
		case 'a20b': $tag = 'FlashEnergy';
			break;			 // positive rational number
		case 'a20e': $tag = 'FocalPlaneXResolution';
			break;	// positive rational number
		case 'a20f': $tag = 'FocalPlaneYResolution';
			break;	// positive rational number
		case 'a210': $tag = 'FocalPlaneResolutionUnit';
			break; // values 1-3
		case 'a214': $tag = 'SubjectLocation';
			break;		 // two integers 0-65535
		case 'a215': $tag = 'ExposureIndex';
			break;			// positive rational number
		case 'a217': $tag = 'SensingMethod';
			break;			// values 1-8
		case 'a300': $tag = 'FileSource';
			break;				// integer
		case 'a301': $tag = 'SceneType';
			break;				// integer
		case 'a302': $tag = 'CFAPattern';
			break;				// undefined data type
		case 'a401': $tag = 'CustomerRender';
			break;			// values 0 or 1
		case 'a402': $tag = 'ExposureMode';
			break;			 // values 0-2
		case 'a403': $tag = 'WhiteBalance';
			break;			 // values 0 or 1
		case 'a404': $tag = 'DigitalZoomRatio';
			break;		 // positive rational number
		case 'a405': $tag = 'FocalLengthIn35mmFilm';
			break;
		case 'a406': $tag = 'SceneCaptureMode';
			break;		 // values 0-3
		case 'a407': $tag = 'GainControl';
			break;			 // values 0-4
		case 'a408': $tag = 'Contrast';
			break;				 // values 0-2
		case 'a409': $tag = 'Saturation';
			break;				// values 0-2
		case 'a40a': $tag = 'Sharpness';
			break;				// values 0-2
		case 'a434': $tag = 'LensInfo';
			break;

		// used by Interoperability IFD
		case '0001': $tag = 'InteroperabilityIndex';
			break;	// text string 3 bytes long
		case '0002': $tag = 'InteroperabilityVersion';
			break; // datatype undefined
		case '1000': $tag = 'RelatedImageFileFormat';
			break;	// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '1001': $tag = 'RelatedImageWidth';
			break;		// integer in range 0-65535
		case '1002': $tag = 'RelatedImageLength';
			break;		// integer in range 0-65535
		// used by IFD1 'Thumbnail'
		case '0100': $tag = 'ImageWidth';
			break;				// integer in range 0-65535
		case '0101': $tag = 'ImageLength';
			break;			 // integer in range 0-65535
		case '0102': $tag = 'BitsPerSample';
			break;			// integers in range 0-65535
		case '0103': $tag = 'Compression';
			break;			 // values 1 or 6
		case '0106': $tag = 'PhotometricInterpretation';
			break; // values 0-4
		case '010e': $tag = 'ThumbnailDescription';
			break;	 // text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '010f': $tag = 'ThumbnailMake';
			break;			// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '0110': $tag = 'ThumbnailModel';
			break;			// text string up to 999 bytes long
		case '0111': $tag = 'StripOffsets';
			break;			 // ??
		case '0112': $tag = 'ThumbnailOrientation';
			break;	 // integer 1-9
		case '0115': $tag = 'SamplesPerPixel';
			break;		 // ??
		case '0116': $tag = 'RowsPerStrip';
			break;			 // ??
		case '0117': $tag = 'StripByteCounts';
			break;		 // ??
		case '011a': $tag = 'ThumbnailXResolution';
			break;	 // positive rational number
		case '011b': $tag = 'ThumbnailYResolution';
			break;	 // positive rational number
		case '011c': $tag = 'PlanarConfiguration';
			break;	 // values 1 or 2
		case '0128': $tag = 'ThumbnailResolutionUnit';
			break; // values 1-3
		case '0201': $tag = 'JpegIFOffset';
			break;
		case '0202': $tag = 'JpegIFByteCount';
			break;
		case '0212': $tag = 'YCbCrSubSampling';
			break;

		// misc
		case '00ff': $tag = 'SubfileType';
			break;
		case '012d': $tag = 'TransferFunction';
			break;
		case '013d': $tag = 'Predictor';
			break;
		case '0142': $tag = 'TileWidth';
			break;
		case '0143': $tag = 'TileLength';
			break;
		case '0144': $tag = 'TileOffsets';
			break;
		case '0145': $tag = 'TileByteCounts';
			break;
		case '014a': $tag = 'SubIFDs';
			break;
		case '015b': $tag = 'JPEGTables';
			break;
		case '828d': $tag = 'CFARepeatPatternDim';
			break;
		case '828e': $tag = 'CFAPattern';
			break;
		case '828f': $tag = 'BatteryLevel';
			break;
		case '83bb': $tag = 'IPTC/NAA';
			break;
		case '8773': $tag = 'InterColorProfile';
			break;

		case '8828': $tag = 'OECF';
			break;
		case '8829': $tag = 'Interlace';
			break;
		case '882a': $tag = 'TimeZoneOffset';
			break;
		case '882b': $tag = 'SelfTimerMode';
			break;
		case '920b': $tag = 'FlashEnergy';
			break;
		case '920c': $tag = 'SpatialFrequencyResponse';
			break;
		case '920d': $tag = 'Noise';
			break;
		case '9211': $tag = 'ImageNumber';
			break;
		case '9212': $tag = 'SecurityClassification';
			break;
		case '9214': $tag = 'SubjectLocation';
			break;
		case '9215': $tag = 'ExposureIndex';
			break;
		case '9216': $tag = 'TIFF/EPStandardID';
			break;
		case 'a20b': $tag = 'FlashEnergy';
			break;

		default: $tag = 'unknown:' . $tag;
			break;
	}
	return $tag;
}

/**
 * Looks up the datatype
 * 
 * @param type $type
 * @param type $size
 * @return string
 */
function lookup_type(&$type, &$size) {
	switch ($type) {
		case '0001': $type = 'UBYTE';
			$size = 1;
			break;
		case '0002': $type = 'ASCII';
			$size = 1;
			break;
		case '0003': $type = 'USHORT';
			$size = 2;
			break;
		case '0004': $type = 'ULONG';
			$size = 4;
			break;
		case '0005': $type = 'URATIONAL';
			$size = 8;
			break;
		case '0006': $type = 'SBYTE';
			$size = 1;
			break;
		case '0007': $type = 'UNDEFINED';
			$size = 1;
			break;
		case '0008': $type = 'SSHORT';
			$size = 2;
			break;
		case '0009': $type = 'SLONG';
			$size = 4;
			break;
		case '000a': $type = 'SRATIONAL';
			$size = 8;
			break;
		case '000b': $type = 'FLOAT';
			$size = 4;
			break;
		case '000c': $type = 'DOUBLE';
			$size = 8;
			break;
		default: $type = 'error:' . $type;
			$size = 0;
			break;
	}
	return $type;
}

/**
 * truncates unreasonable read data requests.
 * 
 * @param type $bytesofdata
 * @return type
 */
function validSize($bytesofdata) {
	return min(8191, max(0, $bytesofdata));
}

/**
 * processes a irrational number
 * 
 * @param type $data
 * @param type $type
 * @param type $intel
 * @return string
 */
function unRational($data, $type, $intel) {
	$data = bin2hex($data);
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$data = intel2Moto($data);
		$top = hexdec(substr($data, 8, 8)); // intel stores them bottom-top
		$bottom = hexdec(substr($data, 0, 8)); // intel stores them bottom-top
	} else {
		$top = hexdec(substr($data, 0, 8));	// motorola stores them top-bottom
		$bottom = hexdec(substr($data, 8, 8));	// motorola stores them top-bottom
	}
	if ($type == 'SRATIONAL' && $top > 2147483647) {
		$top = $top - 4294967296; // this makes the number signed instead of unsigned
	}
	if ($bottom != 0) {
		$data = $top / $bottom;
	} else if ($top == 0) {
		$data = 0;
	} else {
		$data = $top . '/' . $bottom;
	}
	return $data;
}

/**
 * processes a rational number
 * 
 * @param type $data
 * @param type $type
 * @param type $intel
 * @return type
 */
function rational($data, $type, $intel) {
	if (($type == 'USHORT' || $type == 'SSHORT')) {
		$data = substr($data, 0, 2);
	}
	$data = bin2hex($data);
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$data = intel2Moto($data);
	}
	$data = hexdec($data);
	if ($type == 'SSHORT' && $data > 32767) {
		$data = $data - 65536; // this makes the number signed instead of unsigned
	}
	if ($type == 'SLONG' && $data > 2147483647) {
		$data = $data - 4294967296; // this makes the number signed instead of unsigned
	}
	return $data;
}

/**
 * Formats Data for the data type
 * 
 * @param type $type
 * @param type $tag
 * @param type $intel
 * @param type $data
 * @return type
 */
function formatData($type, $tag, $intel, $data) {
	switch ($type) {
		case 'ASCII':
			if (($pos = strpos($data, chr(0))) !== false) { // Search for a null byte and stop there.
				$data = substr($data, 0, $pos);
			}
			if ($tag == '010f') {
				$data = ucwords(strtolower(trim($data))); // Format certain kinds of strings nicely (Camera make etc.)
			}
			break;
		case 'URATIONAL':
		case 'SRATIONAL':
			switch ($tag) {
				case '011a': // XResolution
				case '011b': // YResolution
					$data = round(unRational($data, $type, $intel)) . ' dots per ResolutionUnit';
					break;
				case '829a': // Exposure Time
					$data = formatExposure(unRational($data, $type, $intel));
					break;
				case '829d': // FNumber
					$data = 'f/' . round(unRational($data, $type, $intel), 2);
					break;
				case '9204': // ExposureBiasValue
					$data = round(unRational($data, $type, $intel), 2) . ' EV';
					break;
				case '9205': // ApertureValue
				case '9202': // MaxApertureValue
					// ApertureValue is given in the APEX Mode. Many thanks to Matthieu Froment for this code
					// The formula is : Aperture = 2*log2(FNumber) <=> FNumber = e((Aperture.ln(2))/2)
					$datum = exp((unRational($data, $type, $intel) * log(2)) / 2);
					$data = 'f/' . round($datum, 1); // Focal is given with a precision of 1 digit.
					break;
				case '920a': // FocalLength
					$data = unRational($data, $type, $intel) . ' mm';
					break;
				case '9201': // ShutterSpeedValue
					// The ShutterSpeedValue is given in the APEX mode. Many thanks to Matthieu Froment for this code
					// The formula is : Shutter = - log2(exposureTime) (Appendix C of EXIF spec.)
					// Where shutter is in APEX, log2(exposure) = ln(exposure)/ln(2)
					// So final formula is : exposure = exp(-ln(2).shutter)
					// The formula can be developed : exposure = 1/(exp(ln(2).shutter))
					$datum = exp(unRational($data, $type, $intel) * log(2));
					if ($datum != 0) {
						$datum = 1 / $datum;
					}
					$data = formatExposure($datum);
					break;
				default:
					$data = unRational($data, $type, $intel);
					break;
			}
			break;
		case 'USHORT':
		case 'SSHORT':
		case 'ULONG':
		case 'SLONG':
		case 'FLOAT':
		case 'DOUBLE':
			$data = rational($data, $type, $intel);
			switch ($tag) {
				case '0112': // Orientation
					// Example of how all of these tag formatters should be...
					switch ($data) {
						case 0 : // not set, presume normal
						case 1 : $data = gettext('1: Normal (0 deg)');
							break;
						case 2 : $data = gettext('2: Mirrored');
							break;
						case 3 : $data = gettext('3: Upside-down');
							break;
						case 4 : $data = gettext('4: Upside-down Mirrored');
							break;
						case 5 : $data = gettext('5: 90 deg CW Mirrored');
							break;
						case 6 : $data = gettext('6: 90 deg CCW');
							break;
						case 7 : $data = gettext('7: 90 deg CCW Mirrored');
							break;
						case 8 : $data = gettext('8: 90 deg CW');
							break;
						default : $data = sprintf(gettext('%d: Unknown'), $data);
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '0128': // ResolutionUnit
				case 'a210': // FocalPlaneResolutionUnit
				case '0128': // ThumbnailResolutionUnit
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('No Unit');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('Inch');
							break;
						case 3: $data = gettext('Centimeter');
							break;
						case 4: $data = gettext('Millimeter');
							break;
						case 5: $data = gettext('Micrometer');
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '0213': // YCbCrPositioning
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Center of Pixel Array');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('Datum Point');
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '8822': // ExposureProgram
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Manual');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('Program');
							break;
						case 3: $data = gettext('Aperture Priority');
							break;
						case 4: $data = gettext('Shutter Priority');
							break;
						case 5: $data = gettext('Program Creative');
							break;
						case 6: $data = gettext('Program Action');
							break;
						case 7: $data = gettext('Portrait');
							break;
						case 8: $data = gettext('Landscape');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '8830': // SensitivityType
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Standard Output Sensitivity');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('Recommended Exposure Index');
							break;
						case 3: $data = gettext('ISO Speed');
							break;
						case 4: $data = gettext('Standard Output Sensitivity and Recommended Exposure Index');
							break;
						case 5: $data = gettext('Standard Output Sensitivity and ISO Speed');
							break;
						case 6: $data = gettext('Recommended Exposure Index and ISO Speed');
							break;
						case 7: $data = gettext('Standard Output Sensitivity, Recommended Exposure Index and ISO Speed');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '9207': // MeteringMode
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Average');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('Center Weighted Average');
							break;
						case 3: $data = gettext('Spot');
							break;
						case 4: $data = gettext('Multi-Spot');
							break;
						case 5: $data = gettext('Pattern');
							break;
						case 6: $data = gettext('Partial');
							break;
						case 255: $data = gettext('Other');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '9208': // LightSource
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Daylight');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('Fluorescent');
							break;
						case 3: $data = gettext('Tungsten');
							break; // 3 Tungsten (Incandescent light)
						// 4 Flash
						// 9 Fine Weather
						case 10: $data = gettext('Flash');
							break; // 10 Cloudy Weather
						// 11 Shade
						// 12 Daylight Fluorescent (D 5700 - 7100K)
						// 13 Day White Fluorescent (N 4600 - 5400K)
						// 14 Cool White Fluorescent (W 3900 -4500K)
						// 15 White Fluorescent (WW 3200 - 3700K)
						// 10 Flash
						case 17: $data = gettext('Standard Light A');
							break;
						case 18: $data = gettext('Standard Light B');
							break;
						case 19: $data = gettext('Standard Light C');
							break;
						case 20: $data = gettext('D55');
							break;
						case 21: $data = gettext('D65');
							break;
						case 22: $data = gettext('D75');
							break;
						case 23: $data = gettext('D50');
							break;
						case 24: $data = gettext('ISO Studio Tungsten');
							break;
						case 255: $data = gettext('Other');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '9209': // Flash
					switch ($data) {
						case 0:
						case 16:
						case 24:
						case 32:
						case 64:
						case 80: $data = gettext('No Flash');
							break;
						case 1: $data = gettext('Flash');
							break;
						case 5: $data = gettext('Flash, strobe return light not detected');
							break;
						case 7: $data = gettext('Flash, strobe return light detected');
							break;
						case 9: $data = gettext('Compulsory Flash');
							break;
						case 13: $data = gettext('Compulsory Flash, Return light not detected');
							break;
						case 15: $data = gettext('Compulsory Flash, Return light detected');
							break;
						case 25: $data = gettext('Flash, Auto-Mode');
							break;
						case 29: $data = gettext('Flash, Auto-Mode, Return light not detected');
							break;
						case 31: $data = gettext('Flash, Auto-Mode, Return light detected');
							break;
						case 65: $data = gettext('Red Eye');
							break;
						case 69: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Return light not detected');
							break;
						case 71: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Return light detected');
							break;
						case 73: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Compulsory Flash');
							break;
						case 77: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Compulsory Flash, Return light not detected');
							break;
						case 79: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Compulsory Flash, Return light detected');
							break;
						case 89: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Auto-Mode');
							break;
						case 93: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Auto-Mode, Return light not detected');
							break;
						case 95: $data = gettext('Red Eye, Auto-Mode, Return light detected');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case 'a001': // ColorSpace
					if ($data == 1) {
						$data = gettext('sRGB');
					} else {
						$data = gettext('Uncalibrated');
					}
					break;
				case 'a002': // ExifImageWidth
				case 'a003': // ExifImageHeight
					$data = $data . ' ' . gettext('pixels');
					break;
				case '0103': // Compression
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('No Compression');
							break;
						case 6: $data = gettext('Jpeg Compression');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case 'a217': // SensingMethod
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Not defined');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('One Chip Color Area Sensor');
							break;
						case 3: $data = gettext('Two Chip Color Area Sensor');
							break;
						case 4: $data = gettext('Three Chip Color Area Sensor');
							break;
						case 5: $data = gettext('Color Sequential Area Sensor');
							break;
						case 7: $data = gettext('Trilinear Sensor');
							break;
						case 8: $data = gettext('Color Sequential Linear Sensor');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				case '0106': // PhotometricInterpretation
					switch ($data) {
						case 1: $data = gettext('Monochrome');
							break;
						case 2: $data = gettext('RGB');
							break;
						case 6: $data = gettext('YCbCr');
							break;
						default: $data = gettext('Unknown') . ': ' . $data;
							break;
					}
					break;
				//case "a408":	// Contrast
				//case "a40a":	//Sharpness
				//	switch($data) {
				//		case 0: $data="Normal"; break;
				//		case 1: $data="Soft"; break;
				//		case 2: $data="Hard"; break;
				//		default: $data="Unknown"; break;
				//	}
				//	break;
				//case "a409":	// Saturation
				//	switch($data) {
				//		case 0: $data="Normal"; break;
				//		case 1: $data="Low saturation"; break;
				//		case 2: $data="High saturation"; break;
				//		default: $data="Unknown"; break;
				//	}
				//	break;
				//case "a402":	// Exposure Mode
				//	switch($data) {
				//		case 0: $data="Auto exposure"; break;
				//		case 1: $data="Manual exposure"; break;
				//		case 2: $data="Auto bracket"; break;
				//		default: $data="Unknown"; break;
				//	}
				//	break;
			}
			break;
		case 'UNDEFINED':
			switch ($tag) {
				case '9000': // ExifVersion
				case 'a000': // FlashPixVersion
				case '0002': // InteroperabilityVersion
					$data = gettext('version') . ' ' . ($data / 100);
					break;
				case 'a300': // FileSource
					$data = bin2hex($data);
					$data = str_replace('00', '', $data);
					$data = str_replace('03', gettext('Digital Still Camera'), $data);
					break;
				case 'a301': // SceneType
					$data = bin2hex($data);
					$data = str_replace('00', '', $data);
					$data = str_replace('01', gettext('Directly Photographed'), $data);
					break;
				case '9101': // ComponentsConfiguration
					$data = bin2hex($data);
					$data = str_replace('01', 'Y', $data);
					$data = str_replace('02', 'Cb', $data);
					$data = str_replace('03', 'Cr', $data);
					$data = str_replace('04', 'R', $data);
					$data = str_replace('05', 'G', $data);
					$data = str_replace('06', 'B', $data);
					$data = str_replace('00', '', $data);
					break;
				//case "9286":	//UserComment
				//	$encoding	= rtrim(substr($data, 0, 8));
				//	$data		= rtrim(substr($data, 8));
				//	break;
			}
			break;
		default:
			$data = bin2hex($data);
			if ($intel == 1) {
				$data = intel2Moto($data);
			}
			break;
	}
	return $data;
}

/**
 * 
 * @param type $data
 * @return type
 */
function formatExposure($data) {
	if (strpos($data, '/') === false) {
		if ($data >= 1) {
			return round($data, 2) . ' sec';
		} else {
			$n = 0;
			$d = 0;
			ConvertToFraction($data, $n, $d);
			return $n . '/' . $d . ' sec';
		}
	} else {
		return gettext('Bulb');
	}
}

/**
 * Reads one standard IFD entry
 * 
 * @param type $result
 * @param type $in
 * @param type $seek
 * @param type $intel
 * @param type $ifd_name
 * @param type $globalOffset
 * @return type
 */
function read_entry(&$result, $in, $seek, $intel, $ifd_name, $globalOffset) {
	if (feof($in)) { // test to make sure we can still read.
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		return;
	}

	// 2 byte tag
	$tag = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$tag = intel2Moto($tag);
	}
	$tag_name = lookup_tag($tag);

	// 2 byte datatype
	$type = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$type = intel2Moto($type);
	}
	lookup_type($type, $size);

	if (strpos($tag_name, 'unknown:') !== false && strpos($type, 'error:') !== false) { // we have an error
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		return;
	}

	// 4 byte number of elements
	$count = bin2hex(fread($in, 4));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$count = intel2Moto($count);
	}
	$bytesofdata = validSize($size * hexdec($count));

	// 4 byte value or pointer to value if larger than 4 bytes
	$value = fread($in, 4);

	if ($bytesofdata <= 4) { // if datatype is 4 bytes or less, its the value
		$data = substr($value, 0, $bytesofdata);
	} else if ($bytesofdata < 100000) {	// otherwise its a pointer to the value, so lets go get it
		$value = bin2hex($value);
		if ($intel == 1) {
			$value = intel2Moto($value);
		}
		$v = fseek($seek, $globalOffset + hexdec($value)); // offsets are from TIFF header which is 12 bytes from the start of the file
		if ($v == 0) {
			$data = fread($seek, $bytesofdata);
		} else if ($v == -1) {
			$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		}
	} else { // bytesofdata was too big, so the exif had an error
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		return;
	}
	if ($tag_name == 'MakerNote') { // if its a maker tag, we need to parse this specially
		$make = '';
		if (array_key_exists('Make', $result['IFD0'])) {
			$make = $result['IFD0']['Make'];
		}
		if ($result['VerboseOutput'] == 1) {
			$result[$ifd_name]['MakerNote']['RawData'] = $data;
		}
		if (preg_match('/NIKON/i', $make)) {
			require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/nikon.php');
			parseNikon($data, $result);
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 1;
		} else if (preg_match('/OLYMPUS/i', $make)) {
			require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/olympus.php');
			parseOlympus($data, $result, $seek, $globalOffset);
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 1;
		} else if (preg_match('/Canon/i', $make)) {
			require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/canon.php');
			parseCanon($data, $result, $seek, $globalOffset);
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 1;
		} else if (preg_match('/FUJIFILM/i', $make)) {
			require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/fujifilm.php');
			parseFujifilm($data, $result);
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 1;
		} else if (preg_match('/SANYO/i', $make)) {
			require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/sanyo.php');
			parseSanyo($data, $result, $seek, $globalOffset);
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 1;
		} else if (preg_match('/Panasonic/i', $make)) {
			require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/panasonic.php');
			parsePanasonic($data, $result, $seek, $globalOffset);
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 1;
		} else {
			$result[$ifd_name]['KnownMaker'] = 0;
		}
	} else if ($tag_name == 'GPSInfoOffset') {
		require_once(dirname(__FILE__) . '/makers/gps.php');
		$formated_data = formatData($type, $tag, $intel, $data);
		$result[$ifd_name]['GPSInfo'] = $formated_data;
		parseGPS($data, $result, $formated_data, $seek, $globalOffset);
	} else {
		// Format the data depending on the type and tag
		$formated_data = formatData($type, $tag, $intel, $data);

		$result[$ifd_name][$tag_name] = $formated_data;

		if ($result['VerboseOutput'] == 1) {
			if ($type == 'URATIONAL' || $type == 'SRATIONAL' || $type == 'USHORT' || $type == 'SSHORT' || $type == 'ULONG' || $type == 'SLONG' || $type == 'FLOAT' || $type == 'DOUBLE') {
				$data = bin2hex($data);
				if ($intel == 1) {
					$data = intel2Moto($data);
				}
			}
			$result[$ifd_name][$tag_name . '_Verbose']['RawData'] = $data;
			$result[$ifd_name][$tag_name . '_Verbose']['Type'] = $type;
			$result[$ifd_name][$tag_name . '_Verbose']['Bytes'] = $bytesofdata;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Pass in a file and this reads the EXIF data
 * 
 * Usefull resources
 * 
 * - http:// www.ba.wakwak.com/~tsuruzoh/Computer/Digicams/exif-e.html
 * - http:// www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/jfif.txt
 * - http:// exif.org/
 * - http:// www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/library/list_contents.php4
 * - http:// www.ozhiker.com/electronics/pjmt/jpeg_info/makernotes.html
 * - http:// pel.sourceforge.net/
 * - http:// us2.php.net/manual/en/function.exif-read-data.php
 * 
 * @param string $path
 * @param int $verbose
 * @return int
 */
function read_exif_data_raw($path, $verbose) {
	$result = array();
	if ($path == '' || $path == 'none') {
		return;
	}

	$in = @fopen($path, 'rb'); // the b is for windows machines to open in binary mode
	$seek = @fopen($path, 'rb'); // There may be an elegant way to do this with one file handle.

	$globalOffset = 0;

	if (!isset($verbose)) {
		$verbose = 0;
	}

	$result['VerboseOutput'] = $verbose;
	$result['Errors'] = 0;

	if (!$in || !$seek) { // if the path was invalid, this error will catch it
		$result['Errors'] = 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('The file could not be found.');
		return $result;
	}

	$GLOBALS['exiferFileSize'] = filesize($path);

	// First 2 bytes of JPEG are 0xFFD8
	$data = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($data == 'ffd8') {
		$result['ValidJpeg'] = 1;
	} else {
		$result['ValidJpeg'] = 0;
		fseek($in, 0);
	}

	$result['ValidIPTCData'] = 0;
	$result['ValidJFIFData'] = 0;
	$result['ValidEXIFData'] = 0;
	$result['ValidAPP2Data'] = 0;
	$result['ValidCOMData'] = 0;

	if ($result['ValidJpeg'] == 1) {

		// LOOP THROUGH MARKERS TILL ffe1 EXIF Marker
		$abortCount = 0;
		$header = '\0';
		while (!feof($in) && ++$abortCount < 200) {

			// Next 2 bytes are MARKER tag (0xFF**)
			$data = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
			$size = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));

			if ($data == 'ffc0' || $data == 'ffd9') { // Start Of Frame Marker or End of Image Marker
				break;
			} else if ($data == 'ffe0') {		// JFIF Marker
				$result['ValidJFIFData'] = 1;
				$result['JFIF']['Size'] = hexdec($size);

				if (hexdec($size) - 2 > 0) {
					$data = fread($in, hexdec($size) - 2);
					$result['JFIF']['Data'] = $data;
				}

				$result['JFIF']['Identifier'] = substr($data, 0, 5);
				$result['JFIF']['ExtensionCode'] = bin2hex(substr($data, 6, 1));

				$globalOffset += hexdec($size) + 2;
			} else if ($data == 'ffe1') {		// APP1 Marker : EXIF Metadata(TIFF IFD format) or JPEG Thumbnail or Adobe XMP
				$header = fread($in, 6);			// Exif block starts with 'Exif\0\0' header
				if ($header == "Exif\0\0") {		 // EXIF Marker ?
					$result['ValidEXIFData'] = 1;
					$result['ValidAPP1Data'] = 1;
					$result['APP1']['Size'] = hexdec($size);
					break;
				} else {
					if (hexdec($size) - 2 > 0) {
						$data = fread($in, hexdec($size) - 2 - 6); // skip XMP or Thumbnail data, and loop again
					}
					$globalOffset += hexdec($size) + 2;
				}
			} else if ($data == 'ffe2') {		// APP2 Marker : EXIF extension
				$result['ValidAPP2Data'] = 1;
				$result['APP2']['Size'] = hexdec($size);

				if (hexdec($size) - 2 > 0) {
					$data = fread($in, hexdec($size) - 2);
					$result['APP2']['Data'] = $data;
				}
				$globalOffset += hexdec($size) + 2;
			} else if ($data == 'ffed') {		// IPTC Marker
				$result['ValidIPTCData'] = 1;
				$result['IPTC']['Size'] = hexdec($size);

				if (hexdec($size) - 2 > 0) {
					$data = fread($in, hexdec($size) - 2);
					$result['IPTC']['Data'] = $data;
				}
				$globalOffset += hexdec($size) + 2;
			} else if ($data == 'fffe') {		// Comment extension Marker
				$result['ValidCOMData'] = 1;
				$result['COM']['Size'] = hexdec($size);

				if (hexdec($size) - 2 > 0) {
					$data = fread($in, hexdec($size) - 2);
					$result['COM']['Data'] = $data;
				}
				$globalOffset += hexdec($size) + 2;
			} else {				 // unknown Marker
				if (hexdec($size) - 2 > 0) {
					$data = fread($in, hexdec($size) - 2);
				}
				$globalOffset += hexdec($size) + 2;
			}
		}
		// END MARKER LOOP

		if ($header != "Exif\0\0") {
			fclose($in);
			fclose($seek);
			return $result;
		}
	} // END IF ValidJpeg
	// Then theres a TIFF header with 2 bytes of endieness (II or MM)
	$header = fread($in, 2);
	if ($header === 'II') {
		$intel = 1;
		$result['Endien'] = 'Intel';
	} else if ($header === 'MM') {
		$intel = 0;
		$result['Endien'] = 'Motorola';
	} else {
		$intel = 1; // not sure what the default should be, but this seems reasonable
		$result['Endien'] = 'Unknown';
	}

	// 2 bytes of 0x002a
	$tag = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));

	// Then 4 bytes of offset to IFD0 (usually 8 which includes all 8 bytes of TIFF header)
	$offset = bin2hex(fread($in, 4));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$offset = intel2Moto($offset);
	}
	// Check for extremely large values here
	if (hexdec($offset) > 100000) {
		$result['ValidEXIFData'] = 0;
		fclose($in);
		fclose($seek);
		return $result;
	}

	if (hexdec($offset) > 8) {
		$unknown = fread($in, hexdec($offset) - 8); // fixed this bug in 1.3
	}


// add 12 to the offset to account for TIFF header
	if ($result['ValidJpeg'] == 1) {
		$globalOffset += 12;
	}


	//===========================================================
	// Start of IFD0
	$num = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$num = intel2Moto($num);
	}
	$num = hexdec($num);
	$result['IFD0NumTags'] = $num;

	if ($num < 1000) { // 1000 entries is too much and is probably an error.
		for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {
			read_entry($result, $in, $seek, $intel, 'IFD0', $globalOffset);
		}
	} else {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = 'Illegal size for IFD0';
	}

	// store offset to IFD1
	$offset = bin2hex(fread($in, 4));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$offset = intel2Moto($offset);
	}
	$result['IFD1Offset'] = hexdec($offset);

	// Check for SubIFD
	if (!isset($result['IFD0']['ExifOffset']) || $result['IFD0']['ExifOffset'] == 0) {
		fclose($in);
		fclose($seek);
		return $result;
	}

	// seek to SubIFD (Value of ExifOffset tag) above.
	$ExitOffset = $result['IFD0']['ExifOffset'];
	$v = fseek($in, $globalOffset + $ExitOffset);
	if ($v == -1) {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('Could not Find SubIFD');
	}

	//===========================================================
	// Start of SubIFD
	$num = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$num = intel2Moto($num);
	}
	$num = hexdec($num);
	$result['SubIFDNumTags'] = $num;

	if ($num < 1000) { // 1000 entries is too much and is probably an error.
		for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {
			read_entry($result, $in, $seek, $intel, 'SubIFD', $globalOffset);
		}
	} else {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('Illegal size for SubIFD');
	}

	// Add the 35mm equivalent focal length:
	if (isset($result['IFD0']['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm']) && !isset($result['SubIFD']['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'])) { // found in the wrong place
		$result['SubIFD']['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'] = $result['IFD0']['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'];
	}
	if (!isset($result['SubIFD']['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'])) {
		$result['SubIFD']['FocalLengthIn35mmFilm'] = get35mmEquivFocalLength($result);
	}

	// Check for IFD1
	if (!isset($result['IFD1Offset']) || $result['IFD1Offset'] == 0) {
		fclose($in);
		fclose($seek);
		return $result;
	}
	// seek to IFD1
	$v = fseek($in, $globalOffset + $result['IFD1Offset']);
	if ($v == -1) {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('Could not Find IFD1');
	}

	//===========================================================
	// Start of IFD1
	$num = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$num = intel2Moto($num);
	}
	$num = hexdec($num);
	$result['IFD1NumTags'] = $num;

	if ($num < 1000) { // 1000 entries is too much and is probably an error.
		for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {
			read_entry($result, $in, $seek, $intel, 'IFD1', $globalOffset);
		}
	} else {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('Illegal size for IFD1');
	}
	// If verbose output is on, include the thumbnail raw data...
	if ($result['VerboseOutput'] == 1 && $result['IFD1']['JpegIFOffset'] > 0 && $result['IFD1']['JpegIFByteCount'] > 0) {
		$v = fseek($seek, $globalOffset + $result['IFD1']['JpegIFOffset']);
		if ($v == 0) {
			$data = fread($seek, $result['IFD1']['JpegIFByteCount']);
		} else if ($v == -1) {
			$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		}
		$result['IFD1']['ThumbnailData'] = $data;
	}


	// Check for Interoperability IFD
	if (!isset($result['SubIFD']['ExifInteroperabilityOffset']) || $result['SubIFD']['ExifInteroperabilityOffset'] == 0) {
		fclose($in);
		fclose($seek);
		return $result;
	}
	// Seek to InteroperabilityIFD
	$v = fseek($in, $globalOffset + $result['SubIFD']['ExifInteroperabilityOffset']);
	if ($v == -1) {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('Could not Find InteroperabilityIFD');
	}

	//===========================================================
	// Start of InteroperabilityIFD
	$num = bin2hex(fread($in, 2));
	if ($intel == 1) {
		$num = intel2Moto($num);
	}
	$num = hexdec($num);
	$result['InteroperabilityIFDNumTags'] = $num;

	if ($num < 1000) { // 1000 entries is too much and is probably an error.
		for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++) {
			read_entry($result, $in, $seek, $intel, 'InteroperabilityIFD', $globalOffset);
		}
	} else {
		$result['Errors'] = $result['Errors'] + 1;
		$result['Error'][$result['Errors']] = gettext('Illegal size for InteroperabilityIFD');
	}
	fclose($in);
	fclose($seek);
	return $result;
}

/**
 * Converts a floating point number into a simple fraction.
 * 
 * @param type $v
 * @param type $n
 * @param type $d
 * @return type
 */
function ConvertToFraction($v, &$n, &$d) {
	if ($v == 0) {
		$n = 0;
		$d = 1;
		return;
	}
	for ($n = 1; $n < 100; $n++) {
		$v1 = 1 / $v * $n;
		$d = round($v1, 0);
		if (abs($d - $v1) < 0.02)
			return; // within tolarance
	}
}

/**
 * Calculates the 35mm-equivalent focal length from the reported sensor resolution
 * @author Tristan Harward (trisweb)
 * 
 * @param array $result
 * 
 * @return int
 */
function get35mmEquivFocalLength(&$result) {
	if (isset($result['SubIFD']['ExifImageWidth'])) {
		$width = $result['SubIFD']['ExifImageWidth'];
	} else {
		$width = 0;
	}
	if (isset($result['SubIFD']['ExifImageHeight'])) {
		$height = $result['SubIFD']['ExifImageHeight'];
	} else {
		$height = 0;
	}
	if (isset($result['SubIFD']['FocalPlaneResolutionUnit'])) {
		$units = $result['SubIFD']['FocalPlaneResolutionUnit'];
	} else {
		$units = '';
	}
	$unitfactor = 1;
	switch ($units) {
		case gettext('Inch') :
			$unitfactor = 25.4;
			break;
		case gettext('Centimeter') :
			$unitfactor = 10;
			break;
		case gettext('Millimeter') :
			$unitfactor = 1;
			break;
		case gettext('Micrometer') :
			$unitfactor = 0.001;
			break;
		case gettext('No Unit') :
			$unitfactor = 25.4;
			break;
		default :
			$unitfactor = 25.4;
	}
	if (isset($result['SubIFD']['FocalPlaneXResolution'])) {
		$xres = $result['SubIFD']['FocalPlaneXResolution'];
	} else {
		$xres = '';
	}
	if (isset($result['SubIFD']['FocalPlaneYResolution'])) {
		$yres = $result['SubIFD']['FocalPlaneYResolution'];
	} else {
		$yres = '';
	}
	if (isset($result['SubIFD']['FocalLength'])) {
		$fl = $result['SubIFD']['FocalLength'];
	} else {
		$fl = 0;
	}
	if (!empty($width) && !empty($height) && !empty($xres) && !empty($yres) && !empty($units) && !empty($fl)) {
		// Calculate CCD diagonal using Pythagoras' theorem (a² + b² = c²)
		$diagccd = sqrt(
						pow(((intval($width) * $unitfactor) / $xres), 2) + pow(((intval($height) * $unitfactor) / $yres), 2)
		);
		// Calculate 35mm diagonal using Pythagoras' theorem
		$diag35mm = sqrt(1872);	// 36² + 24² = 1872
		$cropfactor = $diag35mm / ($diagccd ?: 1);
		$equivfl = intval($fl) * $cropfactor;
		return $equivfl;
	}
	return null;
}
